Like literally nothing distinguishes this idea in boldness from other ideas except that its not the current mainstream view. Also, no experimental verification.
If spacetime had a discrete character at scales like the inverse of the universe scale we would see dispersion of light as it traveled cosmological distances and we do not observe this. It is technically possible that the discreteness scale is much, much smaller than the inverse universe scale, of course, but at this point it seems pointless to me to entertain discrete models without some other compelling experimental means of determining its presence. I believe folks are trying to figure this out, but at present, my money remains on spacetime being continuous. I don't know shit, but I expect good quantum gravity theories will need to be scale free.
In general I think this CA stuff is much less deep than it seems to be. You can, of course, approximate continuous differential equations with discrete difference equations, which is, fundamentally, what all this boils down to, in the end. It isn't surprising that with appropriate rules one can reproduce smooth mechanics at scales way above the discreteness scale.
A computational universe does not strictly imply discrete spacetime. You can most certainly still have a continuous universe—at least from the perspective of the beings that inhabit it. By way of analogy, consider the fact that ZFC proves the existence of uncomputable real numbers yet itself has a countable model (presuming it is consistent).
The above entails that the speed of light is not quite constant, but rather energy dependent; c=f(E). The variation would be very small so detecting this is challenging. Myriad observational hurdles may prevent us from ever detecting such small variations but there are many reasons to posit such a model, most quantum gravity theories do so.
Can we?
State change/differentiation exists, that's what we can't get rid of in the physical world no matter how hard we try.
But it seems to me that the acid test, as always, is successful prediction. If one day a digital model makes a prediction that is experimentally demonstrated, and not accounted for via other models, then there might be more support for this approach.
Wouldn’t those simple rules be mathematics? It’s very hard for me to see how the world isn’t made of math. Then again, I am a Pythagorean.
A cake is not made of numbers like 5 cups flour + 3 eggs, but we can model it as such. In principle we could invent any such system of symbols to describe the physical world but those symbols don’t define it. The physical world only nudges us toward what symbols work and which don’t.
But like, words stop working at these levels of rigor.
What the hell does "The universe is made of math" mean? How can something be made of a field of study? Where is the "Addition" particle? How does 1+1=2 give rise to what we see as an electron?
Like it's bad enough dealing with "quantum fields" that might be "real" or maybe are just really nice mathematical objects that happen to be useful for calculating the future.
Does math take up space? Does space take up math? Does blue afraid of seven? Can I eat integrals or will they go straight to my thighs?
If the universe is "made of" math, what is the consequence? For example, the consequence of being made of "quantum fields" in my lay mind is that we get observations like entanglement and the hilarity of whatever is going on in the higgs field.
>Then again, I am a Pythagorean.
Ah, let me just move this sqrt(2) out of the way real quick :P
I want simple rules because I am a simple man, and if those simple rules happen to actually be math, that sucks for me because the "simple rules" are really hard math.
Unsayable numbers (the way the Greeks said irrational numbers) can take the wrong meaning. Like, why are they unsayable? Because you’d die before you could say them. Well, it’s not a threat!
Then it turns into this whole ahistorical fabrication impugning Pythagoras who was, otherwise, pretty much the most incredible guy ever.
Now, the “addition particle” is a strawman, but harder to deal with is just numbers. Are numbers real? Are there discrete “things” in the universe? Well, yes there are. Frequencies or quanta do just fine. Now, when there are numbers, they can be added, whether we want to or not.
Another example would be geometries. Are spheres real? Surely! Do they exist on any planet in the universe? It would seem. Are there any perfect spheres? Nope. Do they precede matter and energy? It would seem.
I think we are saying the same thing. Unfortunately, these beliefs are slippery and metaphysical. I take pride, though, in the pythagoreanness of so many of the scientific greats, from Newton to Penrose.